TrueHD not being passed through with command line options. You loose the Atmos data both ways but Infuse does no compress the audio. TrueHD; HandBrake kann diese entweder durchleiten (passthru) oder mit einem Downmix in ein anderes Format konvertieren. For. 1ch AC-3 stream available on the original, I'll use Handbrake's AC3 passthru option to copy it unchanged to the transcoded MKV. MP4 also supports chapters, for which HandBrake uses Apple’s. Auto Passthru. I use x264 MKV, 5000kbps for video, passthrough for audio (DTS-HD orDolby TrueHD). Add a third audio track, selecting the DTS-HD MA track as the input and the Codec as DTS-HD Passthru. Hmm. 1ch AC-3, which is perfect for me. Some TVs are able to pass through Atmos using the Dolby Digital Plus codec whereas others are not. HandBrake will automatically passthru mastering display metadata and content light metadata from the source video to to final encode. In HandBrake under audio check if you can choose copy or pass through the audio track. So, ever considered looking for an alternative to Handbrake to rip Blu-ray with TrueHD 7. It produces better audio quality than AC3 at the same bitrate, especially at low bitrates. Regarding the source file. Here we want to share a great Handbrake alternative - Dimo Video Converter Ultimate , which is able to read TureHD audio and output 7. If you like, you could go to the bottom of the "Output Format" panel, and then click the "Settings" option. The Denon is reading/playing all TrueHD 7. Just pass-through the tracks you want. Downmixing (Abmischen) Wenn du in der Codecauswahl nicht Passthru ausgewählt hast, kannst du den Downmix aus dem “Mixdown” Menü auswählen. The resultant file lists the converted stream as 640kb/s 5. The Shield can passthrough TrueHD, but it can't decode it, and I don't know of any TV that can decode TrueHD. That's literally what "passthrough" means. Make MKV-- select DTS-HD or TrueHD for audio 2. Problem description: I have a preset such that the first audio track is a 256kbps AAC and the second audio track is auto passthru. If it has ac3 then choose that track and choose codec: ac3 passthrough to copy/remux the. Problem description: NVENC, new encoder preset "slowest" always ends in libhb: work result = 4 and failed encoding state HandBrake version (e. ago. It is a successor to AC3 (also developed by Dolby). 0. All encoders that support 10-bit encoding are also capable of HDR10 encoding. This is the inofficial subreddit for the handbrake video conversion software (handbrake. 1 tracks are working correctly. "AC3 Passthru" will take an existing AC3 soundtrack and include an exact copy as a track in the final encode. 1By default, HandBrake presents the Open Source dialog on launch. 1 is all the disc has, then that's all handbrake will let you mix to. So, like many, I've decided to sacrifice Dolby Vision and picked up the cheapest Android TV box that supports TrueHD audio passthrough which for me was original 2016 Mi Box for 30€. The Toolbar provides easy access to HandBrake’s most common functions. Select the ATV3 Preset. 1 channel Dolby Digital Plus. But its hidden under an experimental flag. In Handbrake GUI Mac the “Audio encoder settings for each selected track” allow to select Codec, Mixdown, Samplerate, Bitrate, Gain, DRC. ATV4K seems to direct stream 4K DoVi fine, but transcodes anything TrueHD. What I cannot find is if you can passthrough the GPU to a VM and a container. This is the way. NOTE! Handbrake can NOT rip/decrypt most commercial DVDs and Blu-rays! Use a DVD ripper / Blu-ray ripper or try the libdvdcss from VLC Media Player, see Handbrake with libdvdcss DVD ripping. With DVD's I always put on pass-through under Audio. Looking at the Audio tab, I do see that the second audio track is taking the 5. AAC. In mediaportal with LAV filters AC3 and True HD works fine. Use makemkv to rip the Blu-ray. It supports convert Bluy-ray(with Dolby TrueHD 7. There's not enough data throughput in an optical cable to support HD Audio, in theory it's just passthrough though and the same applies from HDMI which can also pass through an audio signal. If you're talking about using a separate tool to re-encode the audio, please provide specific instructions. I ripped a lot of my movies but I have so many questions. — must be capable of delivering Dolby Atmos data to your playback device. On other players for example MPC-HC or Pot player the are sound,. In the "Codec" box, open the dropdown list and chose "Auto Passthru". If your source has a surround sound, the multi-channel audio format can. 1 lossless channels and an objects track. On Blu-Ray TrueHD is always accompanied by an Dolby Digital (AC3) core anyways. It also has an auto update feature. Click “disc” button to import Blu-ray movies for converting/copying. A 640 file is 110mb larger (than 384) for every 60 minutes. The source file is 150MB x264 NVENC at 100,000 bitrate. The output will be on the higher end of what is possible but you can tweak this by lowering the CRF value. So you might as well just encode the video with HB, sans-audio, then remux the output with the source HD audio tracks using mkvmerge. This feature will travel through your source video to an MKV video without changing the codec. 1. 2. 11, Windows 7, Ubuntu 14): Windows 10 x86_64 Anniversary. Hi, I've got a few files which contain TrueHD Atmos soundtracks which I'd like to passthru. Various videos fail, the video will encode fine when retried with same settings. The only modification I make to the settings is to a) Remove the first audio track, the Dolby Pro Logic II mixdown, and b) change the second audio track from AC3 Passthrough to TrueHD Passthrough. caf files 6 Supported via passthrough on all devices. Audio (I still have not quite worked out how to set as default, would like TrueHD and DD passthrough I think normally) - 1. 265. Under Save As, add a filename then click Browse to set a destination. 1 for conversion? Has anyone tried yet?Handbrake is more the "video compressions for dummies" program. HandBrake is an open-source and multiplatform video transcoder, available for MacOS X, Linux and Windows. giving --aencoder copy:ac3,av_aac results in: "+ audio tracks: + 1, English (AC3) (5. It supports convert Bluy-ray(with Dolby TrueHD 7. A. 1 (2022011000) OS: Microsoft Windows NT 10. 1 and I can remember back a few handbrake versions "auto passthrough" was always an option for the codec box in the audio tab. Sep 2012. Supported OS: Windows, macOS, Linux. I don’t have any noticeable input latency between the XSX and TV, but I’m experiencing some. 1 TrueHD passthrough for delivering 100 percent lossless audio to the home theater. HandBrake v1. 1 with tHandBrake is a free and open-source transcoder for digital video files. It is 2,000bitrate and of much higher quality than 1080p 60FPS at 10,000bitrate with x264. I have accomplished this in the GUI. What I can tell is that the Extended Cut part 1 for The Two Towers went from a cool 68gigs to about 16. 1 TrueHD passthrough for delivering 100 percent lossless audio to the home theater. 1 audio - Solved This guide offers the best way to convert or encode MKV to MP4 keeping TrueHD 7. e. But if you want to watch your video files on Plex sever after converted by HandBrake, the settings below can be a reference. It seems like DVDFab Blu-ray Ripper converts the Dolby Atmos Track to an normal 5. If your . A few days ago I heard about Jellyfin. Apr 26, 2014. Use that same preset and every video loaded will passthru every audio track found. burzvingion wrote:As far as HD audio is concerned, Matroska is pretty much the only decent container that supports HD audio tracks (as you mention). ) Note: this will make the files a lot bigger than you expected. Now - what I really wanted was to passthru any DTS and AC3 track, AND - if possible - add a downmix AAC for devices that can't handle DTS or AC3. isolar8001. makeMKV is the simplest way to do this. HandBrake Preset [h. The follow encoders support higher than 8-bit. That being said, I wonder if it's really necessary to even include an AC3 audio passthru track on the encode in addition to the AAC track. English (PGS) Subtitles - Force Only unchecked Subtitles - Burn in uncheckedHandbrake is not just for users of Apple TVs, other players can play HD Audio. Problem Description Subtitles from . In comparison an AC3/DD+ 640kb/s soundtrack would be 550MiB for the same film. Using Handbrake with the mixdown set to 5. Last edited: Nov 13, 2012. Enhanced gaming experiences Supports Variable Refresh Rate (VRR), Quick. Below we will have a look at the typical cases of Handbrake errors and give you the. Die verfügbaren Optionen hängen von der Quellspur ab. Member. 3. Dear all, I want to ask you about Atmos lossless Truedhd. g. ago Feuerrohr Best Audio Settings for Blu-Rays and 4K Movies? Hey, so I bought my first NAS and setup PLEX on it. For example: DTS HD MA --> AAC (Core Audio), Pro. FLAC. On 2/20/2020 at 2:26 PM, samuelqwe said: Unfortunately, that isn’t possible at the moment as there is currently no open source software (that I’m aware of) that can decode Atmos metadata in order to retain it while converting TrueHD to DD+. EAC3To is an excellent audio encoder to use for that. I'm trying to figure out how to get these films encoded while keeping the master audio track intact. . 1 to AC3 passthru --4 separate English subtitle tracks with no forced/burn-in/default boxes checked. Audio: Pick TrueHD or anything that's HD / Codec TrueHD Passthrough (this just passes audio without processing). Forum rules An Activity Log is required for support requests. Playing with these settings might improve your file conversion. nickr. In addition, HandBrake can passthru the following source audio track formats: AC3 and E-AC3. Atmos in TrueHD (Chameleon. 7. 1 TrueHD passthrough. 84) Full Audio up to Atmos/TrueHD from any HDMI source/output to SONOS Arc & Beam 2 or any eARC sound system Solve SONOS Arc & Beam 2 lip sync issue when using external HDMI sources connected to eARC TV Works for ANY HDMI source to any eARC or ARC sound system. It is also accessible from the Toolbar at the top of HandBrake’s main window. If you like, you could go to the bottom of the "Output Format" panel, and then click the "Settings" option. Handbrake 1. 1However many users noticed a problem when using Handbrake to convert Blu-ray to MKV format, that is -Handbrake can’t pass-through 7. When I convert it with Handbrake using default “General” settings of seemingly any type—Fast, Very Fast, HQ or Super HQ—the audio downmixing from 5. Joined. These are: AC3, E-AC3, DTS, DTS-HD, TrueHD, MP3, MP2, AAC or flac (Passthru) This copies the audio bit-for-bit from the source so offers no loss in audio quality. Looking at the output of Handbrake (mkv file) I can just ignore the AC3 tracks as the "128 kbps" TrueHD tracks seem to include the AC3 data as well. Pass-through after AC-3 re-encoding or Pass-through after DTS re-encoding *Warning*: Remember to set Pass-through to DISABLE after you finish (and select 2. . I recently updated from an October 2019 nightly to the most recent. So I'm guessing I was probably ripping two BRs at the same time to the drive and reading from it to encode. Supported passthrough audio codecs are mp3, aac, ac3, eac3, dts, dts-hd, truehd, and flac. Convert DTS-HD MA to TrueHD in MKV. It'll only show MP3 passthru. 2016-03-09, 23:44. 3. 5 are good values to use. Either 1080p30 or 720p30 playback. 1. TrueHD = Dolby HD. 92 will only run on Leopard - not Tiger. Dolby Vision is unique to the 2019 shield. The dynamic range of an audio track is the difference between the softest and loudest sounds. The tag "HVC1" indicates the HEVC (H. Video/Audio Settings of HandBrake for Plex Video Playback. ReplyHDR10. If Handbrake can read the separate DTS Core, simply choose that DTS track in the audio tab drop down and set as DTS Passthru. Automatic Pass-through. 0 or Dolby Surround for the Standard Definition stuff or 5. So I will wait for the arrival of my Soundbar to see what happens if I let the TV passthrough the audio to the soundbar. As such, it is normal to see high (or even 100%) CPU utilisation even when using NVENC. Use Handbrake to encode as and AVI with AC3 passthrough. ) then remux the AAC into your source MKV and set Handbrake to AAC Passthru. Depends on. Base rip not showing TrueHD passthru. 2020, generally) define where the maximum values of that number map out to in the actual physical world. The Shield Pro is the best device that does it right for Plex. HandBrake supports FLAC (both 16 and 24bit) when the output format is MKV. 1 TrueHD, here is an alternative solution for you. Step 2. Related Article>> AAC vs MP3. Save to a video preset. A number of audio codecs and subtitle formats are also supported. Some videos may take minutes to create; others may take hours. a year ago. Other formats come down to your audio equipment. I've done seven encodes with DTS passthrough. <div class="post-sig post-sig-limit shazam usersig-click"><div class="reparse-sig-lineheight"></div></div>. e. -E, --aencoder <string> Select audio encoder(s): none ca_aac ca_haac copy:aac ac3 copy:ac3 eac3 copy:eac3 copy:truehd copy:dts copy:dtshd mp3 copy:mp3 vorbis flac16 flac24 copy:flac opus copy "copy:<type>" will pass through the corresponding audio track without modification, if pass through is supported for the audio type. Created: 2013-03-04: Expires: 2023-03-04: Owner: ** (see Notes section below on how to view unmasked data) Hosting company:. Hi, I just can't seem to get HDMI Audio Passthrough working with VLC 3. With HEOS® Built-in, wirelessly stream your favorite music. PCM/DD+/Lossless. 1). Add Blu-ray movies Insert Blu-ray Disc into your external or internal BD drive and launch the Blu-ray Ripping program. 1 channel Dolby Digital Plus. Everything else I leave at the preset defaults. To get handbrake to successfully passthrough the full metadata set and active HDR MKV 265 4k HDR 10bit put this in additional options under video "x265 10-bit. vfxerz • 2 yr. 66:1 frame. Optimized for TV – 8 Mbps 1080p. Handbrake is not work with Truehd Passtrough. 1 TrueHD. 2020 color space, with 12-bit encoding). 6. This is the inofficial subreddit for the handbrake video conversion software (handbrake. However, when I used Handbrake, I selected "Auto Passthrough. mkv and you should be fine. HandBrake-- use high profile setting which provides two audio tracks. HandBrake supports passthru for a limited number of popular source formats. Video encoding requires a lot of computer resources and can take awhile to complete. e. If you have your Android TV device connected to a TV that only supports Dolby Digital and PCM 2. Heres the rub - Handbrake 0. Aside from that, HandBrake doesn't support mp2 passthru. The AppleTV should passthrough Dolby Digital Plus + Atmos. 0 AAC track) Mkvtoolnix/MKVMerge to mux the TrueHD and MKV from Handbrake. 526. Business, Economics, and Finance. AAC Stereo (the iTunes music format) is very widely supported, which is why Handbrake defaults to it. Description of the feature or enhancement you'd like to see in HandBrake Ability to passthrough the video track and only to convert the audio track. <div class="post-sig post-sig-limit shazam usersig-click"><div class="reparse-sig-lineheight"></div></div>. Any idea why that might be? Using the desktop app doe. Then go to File -> Open and browse to your MKV. In EAC3to, an AC3 encoded from the lossy DTS core sounds similar if not identical to an AC3 created by Handbrake. If it does not work then I will get a Nvidia Shield Pro to make this happen. Describe the change or feature you'd like to see added to HandBrake: HandBrake currently supports TrueHD only for passthru, no encoding. Jan 8, 2008. By default, HandBrake presents the Open Source dialog on launch. You know I never thought about it but just leaving it the size MakeMKV saves is preferable in this case I suppose. Handbrake produced AAC instead with no warning. "Common metadata passes through a subset of supported container metadata only. Since Handbrake can't support 7. TheFeshy • 8 yr. AC3; E-AC3; DTS (Limited player compatibility in MP4) DTS-HD (Limited player compatibility in MP4) TrueHD (Limited player compatibility in MP4) FLAC (MKV files only) AAC; MP3; MP2; Opus See full list on handbrake. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. A program like. AC3+ Atmos tends to be 5. They are both lossless codecs, and provide a large file size though. PCM is for things like the xbox and PC. Some Dolby Digital audio tracks, including but not limited to Dolby Digital Plus (EAC3), Dolby TrueHD/Atmos. In this the ability to detect spatial audio was added and passthru of TrueHD + Atmos works wonderfully. 3: If you don't know, slower encoder presets can lower the bitrate and improve lines slightly. It has no effect on AC3 pass-through or on DTS or MPEG-2 audio. 265. Under Mix, select the no. It works as the best MKV to MP4 converter. 26. . To keep TrueHD 7. Any audio track not supported by Handbrake, as passthru, will be encoded as AC3 640. 1 audio results in weird stereo with essentially all of the audio going to the right channel and the left channel seems to have some channel that is just—for lack of a better term. 0. The first pass of a 2-pass encode determines what RF is necessary to hit your target bitrate. I ripped it with only one Audio track, the DOly TrueHD/Atmos audio data track. I have it pointed at my movies folder using Handbrake, and have pinned four cores to the container. 5GB and 4. Here are some popular lossy formats with encoders listed that FFmpeg can use: Dolby Digital: ac3 Dolby Digital Plus: eac3 TrueHD 0xFBA: truehd MP2: libtwolame, mp2 Windows Media Audio 1: wmav1 Windows Media Audio 2: wmav2 AAC. DTS, DTS-HD, and TrueHD are usually only supported by higher end home. Source is AC3: Passthrough to prevent loss to lossy conversion Source is DTS: Passthrough to prevent loss to lossy conversion Source is DTS-HD MA 5. Receivers: Denon x3300w and x6700, Yamaha RX-V663. Select your desired settings in the window, click on "apply" and update your settings --> Menu / Presets / "Update selected Preset". 0-2. Supported Encoders. As mentioned, it is the user's responsibility to choose this only if the user's software/hardware supports it. I want to shrink the size down but maintain the lossless audio. These audio tracks can be quite large so can impact the final size of the output file quite substantially. If you want 4k and 7. I found that you cannot passthrough the GPU to more than one VM. I can't appearance to find an answer as up whether the HD audio is supported in Handbrake or if it is. Developed by Dolby Labs, it is a digital audio compression scheme for the transport and storage of multi-channel digital audio. 1 mixdown. but if you have an AC3 track that you want to use because you don’t want the file size of TrueHD/DTS then I’d passthrough, as re-encoding will always lose. - Multichannel PCM will be downmixed to stereo. Now on another movie, the audio source shows as True HD 5. thd. 1) to a common video with TrueHD 7. mkv. 1 and selecting 'DTS passthrough' on a DTS MA track results in an AC3 stream (I assume it giving up on trying to passthrough and falling back to re-encoding) From a usability point of view, it would be good to have consistency between core extraction from DD and DTS. HandBrake 1. Apple TV 4K is weak sauce. Select the Start button on the toolbar to make your new video. If you. Step 2: Click the +Video button at the top menu bar on the main interface and select a video to load. 0 on Gentoo Linux. 264 or H. All reactionsDescription of the feature or enhancement you'd like to see in HandBrake. At both CRF 24 and CRF. Handbrake can't encode from DTSHD (it encodes using the lossy DTS core). I am ripping Top Gun 4k and the main audio track is TrueHD7. My question is, could I output atmos lossless true hd from the internal (builtin) tv apps via a usb. Blu-ray: make TrueHD, DTS-HD and E-AC3 Secondary Audio streams available for decoding and/or passthrough bug fix: libavcodec-decoded streams can now be decoded multiple times previously, multiple decodes of the same source tracks weren't possible and audio output tracks had to be droppedJoined. -E copy:ac3,copy:aac,copy:eac3,copy:truehd,copy:dts,copy:dtshd,copy:mp3,copy:flac Then. 5 Safari only supports opus in . When you’re ready, click Start Encode. 2. Native support for AC3 & E-AC3 on Roku. -E, --aencoder <string> Select audio encoder(s): none av_aac copy:aac ac3 copy:ac3 eac3 copy:eac3 copy:truehd copy:dts copy:dtshd copy:mp2 mp3 copy:mp3 vorbis flac16 flac24 copy:flac opus copy:opus copy "copy:<type>" will pass through the corresponding audio track without modification, if pass through is supported for the audio type. You can also drag and drop a video Source onto HandBrake’s. 0. Link expires in 7 days. Jan 8, 2019 at 9:18. DTS, DTS-HD, and TrueHD are usually only supported by higher end home. but nothing works when using Android. Random chit-chat and anything that doesn't belong elsewhere. Description of the problem I'm trying to write a command that will recompress the video of an MKV, leaving the audio tracks and subtitle tracks as they are. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 5. brian163 said: The latest Handbrake release will passthrough the full DTS-HD bit stream. There are separate options the audio encoder dropdown for these. you can replace the launcher. HandBrake will automatically passthru mastering display metadata and content light metadata from the source video to to final encode. I recommend this instead of re-encoding the audio via HandBrake (in HandBrake you can select AC3 passthru so that the data is only copied). for now I have to switch between the LG built in Plex app when playing DTS content and the Nvidia when playing TrueHD/Atmos. I used 20161105-febff04_x86_64-Win_GUI for this report. . The Samsung soundbar has a HDMI in and a separate HDMI out. Please let me know (1) your FOV, (2) the quality settings you use for Handbrake for ripping both DVDs and Blu-rays and (3) whether you can, with those settings, distinguish any difference from an uncompressed rip. Passthru means remixing that directly copy the audio without re-encoding and quality loss. 1 audio. Feed a blu-ray . If 5. 31st May 2014 06:50 #2. 1 to AC3 passthru --4 separate English subtitle tracks with no forced/burn-in/default boxes checked. Feed a blu-ray . On the very same box, it works flawlessly with the latest Kodi, but VLC 3. Yes, Expert settings, passthru, tested all possible output options, nothing works. Avidemux is just another popular Handbrake alternative for Windows and Mac devices, as it is free. Jun 18, 2008. 5. Trying to use -itsoffset in ffmpeg to copy and adjust things (trying both the audio and video stream independently), it had no effect on how VLC plays the file. What are the steps to reproduce this problem: I have tried both with the GUI and and CLI. However many users noticed a problem when using Handbrake to convert Blu-ray to MKV format, that is -Handbrake can’t pass-through 7. 1 audio: To pass-through Dolby TrueHD 7. If you just need to stream videos to a smartphone or portable device, MP4 is the best option. These are the settings that I would recommend. 1) is also quite well supported, even by devices that only have stereo speakers (they'll downmix it properly). (Read ByteCopy review) The Handbrake alternative is able to read TureHD audio and output 7. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. . Then open the REMUX in Handbrake. Audio encoders FFmpeg can use. 4. It was originally developed in 2003 by Eric Petit to make ripping DVDs to a data storage device easier. "AC3" will take a non-AC3 source (ex. I was thrilled to find this post about DTS passthrough support in the SVN builds of HandBrake. Thus, audio passthrough - i. 1. If your home-theater has the speakers and AVR to support 7. Stacher 6. Save to a video preset. Note the dialogue box at the bottom of the program. Add a third audio track, selecting the DTS-HD MA track as the input and the Codec as DTS-HD Passthru. And all apps that output Dolby Digital on the Fire TV 4k Max, which also uses Android 9 but 32 Bit, like Netflix and other streaming services also don't work with. The passthrough of the RPUs is enabled automatically when the selected encoder is x265 10-bit. Avidemux. 1 channels and 16-bit)I just ran into the same problem. Normally I would load either a video file or an extracted audio file into Audacity and use the Compressor filter to inflict DRC, then remux. 3. 1 Dolby Digital Plus 7. You have two options, use Handbrake's in-built conversion, I'd suggest E-AC3 768 (Auto sample rate), or externally convert the audio to lossless FLAC audio, which Handbrake will passthru. The three that failed, failed in. Since Handbrake can't support 7. . I remove the second suggested audio source that handbrake selects. HandBrake also supports passing through the source audio track, bit-for-bit without altering it. I know the Fire Sticks can't even passthrough DTS-HD or Dolby TrueHD so when I encode those Blu Rays for "home use" I just convert those tracks to FLAC (for about the same size as the original DTS-HD/TrueHD tracks, actually, and then the Plex server (which knows the stick doesn't support multichannel FLAC) sends multichannel PCM on playback, which passes through to my AVR. 264 (Nvidia NVENC) [01:08:05] encavcodec: encoding at rc=vbr 22. 1 TrueHD passthrough. Audio encoders FFmpeg can use. Print viewMar 14, 2012. If your home-theater has the speakers and AVR to support 7. Since Handbrake can't support 7. This is mediaserver software not a world apart from Plex. These are: AC3, E-AC3, DTS, DTS-HD, TrueHD, MP3, MP2, AAC or flac (Passthru) This copies the audio bit-for-bit from the source so offers no loss in audioquality. 3. . Not sure about your DD 3/2+1 question. As a guide TrueHD-Atmos is encoded at around 3000 – 5000kb/s, making a TrueHD-Atmos soundtrack for a 2 hour film between 2. Using a mixdown and an Auto Passthrough fro the first track, and just using defaults for all other tracks. Format: MP4 or MKV. 1. How to Set HandBrake for Plex Video Playback.